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MODERN ERA
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Until his death in 1848, Muhammad Ali Pasha instituted a number of social and economic reforms that earned him the title of founder of modern Egypt. However, while Muhammad Ali initiated the construction of public buildings in the city, those reforms... |
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STAGNATION AND OTTOMAN RULE
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Although it avoided Europe's stagnation during the Late Middle Ages, Cairo could not escape the Black Death, which struck the city more than fifty times between 1348 and 1517. During its initial, and most deadly waves, approximately 200,000 people we... |
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FOUNDATION AND EXPANSION
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In 969, led by General Gawhar al-Siqilli, the Fatimid Caliphate conquered Egypt from Tunisia and established a new fortified city northeast of Fustat. It took four years for Jawhar to build the city, initially known as al-Man??riyyah, which later too... |
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INITIAL SETTLEMENTS
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The area around present-day Cairo, especially Memphis, had long been a focal point of Ancient Egypt due to its strategic location just upstream from the Nile Delta. However, the origins of the modern city are generally traced back to a series of sett... |
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